The Role Ofreligion And Morality In Cats Cradle Essay Example For Students

The Role Ofreligion And Morality In Cats Cradle Essay As a creator, Kurt Vonnegut has gotten pretty much every sort of recognition a creator can get: his works held a similar influence over American way of thinking as did those of Jack Kerouac or J.R.R. Tolkein; his composing has gotten approval from scholastics and the majority the same; and three of his books have been made into highlight films. Society has for all time and perceptibly been adjusted by his composition. Through available language and effortlessly got topics, Vonnegut has made works unpretentious, fascinating, and natural. His fundamental strategy for doing this is by misusing a subject with which everybody is natural and about which everybody has his own supposition: religion. We will compose a custom article on The Role Ofreligion And Morality In Cats Cradle explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Relatively few individuals are more able to investigate this subject than Vonnegut. He was conceived in 1922 on Armistice Day (November 11), an occasion commending harmony, in Indianapolis. His family was decently rich until the beginning of the Great Depression, when they lost everything. In 1944, Vonneguts mother ended it all by overdosing on resting pills. Before long a short time later, he joined the military and battled in the Second World War. Vonnegut was caught as a POW and kept detainee in Dresden. Not long after his catch, Dresden, a completely non military personnel town, was besieged intensely. Vonnegut endure the shelling, returned home, and turned into an author. His first book, Player Piano, got next to no notification at the time it was composed, 1952. At the point when he distributed Sirens of Titan in 1959, it likewise was generally disregarded. In 1969, Vonnegut distributed Slaughterhouse Five, which was a quick business and scholastic achievement. Slaughterhouse F ives achievement focused on his different works, and however Vonnegut was not as well known after the 60s, he kept on distributing fruitful books (http://www.duke.edu/crh4/vonnegut/). Vonneguts works have been named sci-fi, yet that scarcely does them equity. His works are essentially affected by that sort, however contain strikingly significant editorials about contemporary American culture which set him apart from other sci-fi scholars. His utilization of sci-fi draws a funny complexity between the extremely significant hugeness of the idea of the universe and of the real world, and the inconsequentiality of human life and society. The entirety of his works accentuate the huge powers following up on his characters, not the least of which is destiny. As his composing advanced and developed, this complex subtlety turned out to be increasingly obvious. In his book Slaughterhouse Five, Vonnegut portrays his own style by methods for Tralfamadorians, an outsider race for whom time is no nexistent, and whose writing reflects this:Each cluster of images is a concise, critical message depicting a situation,a scene. We Tralfamadorians read them at the same time, not one after the oth-er. There isnt a specific connection between all the messages ex-cept that the creator has picked them cautiously, so that, when seen at the same time, they produce a picture of life that is delightful and amazing and profound. There is no start, no center, no closure, no anticipation, no good, no causes, no impacts. What we love in our books are the profundities of numerous sublime minutes seen all at once (88). To be sure, Vonnegut has excused worldly coherence in his composition, and has in this way disposed of anticipation. Characters are frequently mindful of their own inescapable fate, as in The Sirens of Titan, and are powerless to prevent it from happening. Vonnegut clarifies that cutting edge society is a lot of like this individuals can see where theyre headed, however are excessively frail or emotionless to forestall it. In his book Cats Cradle, Vonnegut derides people groups careless, unresponsive acknowledgment of their destinies by depicting a circumstance in which incomprehensibly amazing powers hurl around individuals frantic to get away from them. He presents civic establishments endeavor to end it all (Hocus Pocus, 72), the nuclear bomb dropped at Hiroshima, and finishes the book with the entirety of the water on earth freezing as the consequence of a substance called ice-nine, and along these lines human advancement effectively ending it all. Incidentally, the man who made the nuclear bomb likewise made ice-nine, a man not devilishly malicious, yet just distracted. In this, Vonnegut depicts not just the astonishing impact the powers of the universe have on us, yet in addition the impact a chosen few of us have on the powers of the universe. .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da , .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da .postImageUrl , .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da , .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da:hover , .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da:visited , .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da:active { border:0!important; } .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da:active , .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b 70ef171a0da .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u448aff7148bc4c2452c2b70ef171a0da:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Heart Of Darkness - Cruelty EssayIn Cats Cradle, Vonnegut portrays an incredibly many-sided implies by which to acknowledge the impulses of the universe. It is a farce of religion, and is the thing that religion would be on the off chance that it were deprived of all custom and authoritative opinion. It is called Bokononism, and it uncovers exactly that it is so human to allow destiny to have its direction, and exactly that it is so worthless to battle against it. The essential precept of Bokononism, as indicated by Vonnegut, is that individuals should live by whatever foma (innocuous falsehoods) satisfy them. Individuals, as indicated by Bokononism, ought to do this with the goal that destiny appears to be substantially less common in their lives, thus that they feel that their own through and through freedom is the fundamental power in their lives. Vonnegut contends that such self-duplicity is one of the most fundamental parts of mankind (Understanding Kurt Vonnegut, 53-65). Felines Cradle was distributed in 1963, at once in American history when choice appeared to be the main power controlling anybody. Individuals were worn out on war, and tired of the danger of war. Individuals were very nearly losing confidence in government. It is in this condition Vonnegut set forth his assault on religion and on the human circumstance. The idea of ice-nine was just about as alarming as the genuine danger of atomic assault, so individuals could without much of a stretch identify with Cats Cradles plot. Vonnegut depicts government in Cats Cradle as successful just when a foe exists, and he depicts Bokononism as governments adversary. At the point when the pressure among great and fiendishness is high, says Vonnegut, the individuals can be monitored cheerful and. At the point when the line isolating them gets obscured, individuals immediately become disappointed and defiant. In spite of the fact that Vietnam, where the line among great and fiendishness was practically nonexistent, didn't realize the finish of human advancement, local insubordination altered American life, similarly as Vonnegut anticipated. In this specific occurrence, Bokononism can be compared to Communism the ceaseless adversary saw, maybe wrongly, to be the most hazardous power on the planet. Felines Cradle isn't the just one of Vonneguts works which has such a hint of tension and criticalness; undoubtedly, it is one of the characterizing highlights of his work. The pressure between the powers following up on mankind is higher than it has ever been, and on the off chance that one power should give way, life as we probably am aware i t will end. The best way to continue is to persuade ones self that life isn't this misleading, and that every individual can influence the result. This, as indicated by Vonnegut, is the most fundamental foma of all, and it may have the option to spare human advancement. English Essays

The Relationship Between Extroversion And Physiological Measures Psychology Essay

The Relationship Between Extroversion And Physiological Measures Psychology Essay There has been a considerable investigation into the connection between how outgoing an individual is and their physiological measures (Eysenck, 1967, refered to in Martin, Carlson, Buskist, 2007). Numerous examinations have been completed over the world to research this relationship and how condition and hereditary qualities can add to extroversion inside people. The current investigation took a gander at the connection among extraversion and physiological measures in Psychology college understudies in the UK. No critical connection was found among extroversion and pulse or extroversion and galvanic skin reaction. The connection among extroversion and physiological measures in college understudies There has been a lot of examination into the connection between excitement because of various errands in the two contemplative people and social butterflies. Eysenck (1967) (refered to in Martin, Carlson, Buskist, 2007) proposed extroversion is an impression of the state we don't appear inside our focal sensory system (CNS). He expressed that satisfaction and friendliness were two of the principle qualities related with extroversion. In an examination exploring satisfaction and extroversion in college understudies, it was discovered that the two were altogether associated. These distinctions bolster the possibility that thoughtful people are diverse to social butterflies in that outgoing individuals search out all the more invigorating conditions. The current examination set out to research further into this thought by taking a gander at the connection among extroversion and physiological measures in Psychology understudies at a college in the UK. Studies into the birthplaces of extroversion inside an individual have been broadly led to comprehend why an individual might be so outgoing or thoughtful; heritability appears to play an enormous contributing component. In an investigation contrasting monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins, monozygotic twins were appeared to give the most indistinguishable outcomes with 70% of the twins tried, being comparably social butterfly (Zuckerman, 1991, refered to in Martin, Carlson, Buskist, 2007). This examination doesn't bolster the possibility that outgoing individuals are influenced by their condition dissimilar to most investigation into extroversion, it essentially expresses that hereditary qualities are the reason. Comparative investigations to this report have upheld past research like into whether natural variables vary inside self observers and outgoing individuals. An examination into physiological measures and extroversion was done in Singapore where the outcomes demonstrated lower extroversion scores were associated with uplifted cardiovascular reactivity while higher extroversion scores were related with lower cardiovascular reactivity. The investigation additionally found that higher extroversion was connected to bring down cardiovascular reactivity during stress undertakings and appeared to influence how people express and adapt to outrage (Jonassaint et al., 2009). This investigation assists with supporting the thought that Eysenck proposed which says that self observers are bound to feel awkward in an invigorating circumstance, for this situation cardiovascular movement, while social butterflies are bound to appreciate and search out such conditions. Pulse and skin reactions have lik ewise been altogether connected with male understudies playing out a visual carefulness task who were estimated on the Eysenck character stock as thoughtful people (Gange, Geen, Harkins, 1979). Research has likewise discovered contrasts in the cerebrum among outgoing individuals and self observers. In an examination investigating whether there is a relationship among's extroversion and blood stream when smelling disagreeable and wonderful scents, the piece of the mind known as the amygdala in the transient projection, was emphatically connected with cerebral blood stream and higher extroversion scores when presented to the charming smell (Vaidya et al., 2007). This bit of research underpins the possibility that outgoing people are hereditarily unique to contemplative people as they delighted in the experience of the wonderful smell more than loners and their cerebrum initiation inside the transient projection further upheld this thought. Different investigations have additionally upheld how the earth, not hereditary qualities, may influence the two self observers and social butterflies and how they respond in an unexpected way. In an examination researching the impact of ambient sounds and commotion on finishing assignments in thoughtful people and outgoing individuals, it was discovered that loners performed better by and large on each undertaking with the exception of one, and self observers had all the earmarks of being increasingly influenced by the nearness of ordinary music and clamor than social butterflies. (Cassidy MacDonald, 2007). Self observers are additionally bound to react more rapidly to stronger clamor blasts than social butterflies who will in general react similarly quickly to changing commotion powers (Britt Blumenthal, 1991). These investigations underpins Eysenck㠢㠢‚⠬㠢„â ¢s hypothesis, which says that individuals whose minds are over-excited, will discover invigorating ci rcumstances awkward, and they will search out calmer situations. In spite of the fact that this thought is by all accounts firmly upheld, an investigation which looked into Eysencks (1953) theory of a connection among extraversion and thoughtful sensory system action utilized 42 college understudies and the result was not exactly the equivalent. These understudies were presented to fear stimulating conditions and their pulse and galvanic skin reaction (GVR) were estimated during this time (Small, 1976). In spite of the fact that you would anticipate a relationship, no huge connection was found. This bit of research disconfirms Eysenck㠢㠢‚⠬㠢„â ¢s theory and this might be because of individual contrasts. As such, perhaps a few outgoing people are not under excited and are in reality over stirred, or possibly Eysenck㠢㠢‚⠬㠢„â ¢s character poll isn't as exact in its results as we may might suspect when estimating character. Despite the fact that reviews have been led here of research, the bit of research in this report was completed to additionally offer help for this region of study. The connection among extraversion and physiological measures was tried on Psychology college understudies at a college in the UK. It utilized a poll intended to quantify extroversion inside an individual and a short maths test which was given to make the members CNS go into a condition of high excitement. In view of past discoveries, the theories were that there would be a solid negative relationship among's extroversion and pulse and a solid negative connection among's extroversion and galvanic skin reaction. Strategy Members Members were 167 brain research understudies matured 18-65 learning at the University of Chester in Cheshire. The measures were taken from the sex proportion 1:4 guys: females and the investigation utilized a separated examining strategy. Members were treated as per BPS rules and educated assent was acquired from every member before partaking. Materials and mechanical assembly The materials utilized included record sheets to record the outcomes for every member, the maths task containing ten inquiries, ascending in trouble, utilizing +,- ,x and/administrators, the (Biopac MP30 unit) with elecrodes (SS2L and SS3L prompts measure pulse and GSR), the EPQ comprising of 23 inquiries which was rounded out before the physiological measures were estimated and a stopwatch to time every member for 3 minutes finishing the maths task. Technique After at first consenting to participate in the exploration, understudies were given a 23 thing survey to finish, intended to quantify how outgoing they are as individuals. When finished, understudies were joined to BIOPAC comprising of terminals being appended to the wrist, fingers and lower legs which estimated galvanic skin reaction and pulse and given a maths errand to finish, intended to get more diligently as you advanced in a little research center space for three minutes. They were planned utilizing a stopwatch by another member who had just participated outside of the research facility room. When coordinated, results were taken from a ninety second interim of the three minutes and the mean was determined utilizing the BIOPAC programming. The methods were recorded, both for pulse and GSR. Structure and examination This was a rehashed measures study. Members partook in both the simple and troublesome assignment. Pulse and galvanic skin reaction were estimated while the troublesome errand was being finished. Results Normal pulse scores from 137 members were associated with their EPQ scores utilizing a Pearson connection. This was led utilizing SPSS v.20. The scatterplot is appeared in Figure 1 beneath: The Pearson test demonstrated no relationship between's normal pulse scores and EPQ scores and the outcome was found to not be measurably huge. (r(137)=-0.049, p=0.567). Absolute EPQ scores from the 137 members were additionally related with normal GSR scores utilizing a Pearson connection. The scatterplot is appeared in Figure 2 underneath: The Pearson test indicated no relationship between's normal GSR scores and EPQ scores and the outcome was found to not be measurably huge. (r(137)=0.020, p=0.820). Conversation The outcomes indicated no critical connection among's extroversion and pulse thus the invalid speculation couldn't be dismissed. The relationship among's extroversion and galvanic skin reaction was additionally not essentially connected thus the invalid speculation was acknowledged. This investigation doesn't loan backing to the discoveries of past examinations around there of investigation into extroversion and physiological measures. An examination Singapore referenced in the presentation of this report found that outgoing individuals were connected to bring down cardiovascular reactivity during stress undertakings and this appeared to influence how these specific people communicated and adapted to outrage (Jonassaint et al., 2009). Standing out significantly further from the discoveries of this investigation, pulse and skin reactions have likewise been unequivocally related with understudies playing out a vi

Situations That Trigger Social Anxiety

Situations That Trigger Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Situations That Can Trigger Anxiety By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on October 13, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children A. Chederros/ONOKY/Getty Images If you suffer from social anxiety disorder (SAD), it is likely that a variety of different situations trigger fearful feelings. Any social or performance situation has the potential to elicit social fears. Below is a list of some of the most common situations.? Common Triggers of Anxiety Performances: Performances may include athletic competitions, musical performances, or public speaking. People with SAD who fear these types of situations will not perform up to their ability. Fears about public speaking can also get in the way of career advancement.Parties / Meeting New People: Nothing triggers social anxiety like a room full of strangers. Meeting people for the first time or going to a party where you dont know anyone may be challenging if you have SAD.Talking to Authority Figures: People with SAD may have difficulty speaking to those in authority such as teachers, professors, and employers.Making Small Talk: Although small talk comes easily for some, those with SAD may find this type of conversation challenging.Dating: All aspects of dating can trigger social anxiety, from making phone calls and going on first dates to having sex.Writing: If you have SAD you may fear writing in front of others. This worry generally stems from the fear that others will see your han ds shake as you write.Stating Your Opinion: Do you avoid stating your opinion? Do you go along with what others say even if you dont agree? People with SAD are often afraid to voice their opinions for fear that others will be critical.Reading Aloud: In addition to a fear of public speaking, some people with SAD fear reading aloud in front of others.Eating in Front of Others: Some people with SAD have a fear of eating in front of others. They may be afraid of spilling a drink or that others will see their hands shaking.Using Public Restrooms: Paruresis, or the fear of using public restrooms, can be debilitating for some people with SAD. Getting Help for Your Anxiety Triggers A variety of situations can trigger feelings of social anxiety. If fear of these situations interferes with your functioning on a daily basis and you have not sought help, it is important to meet with a mental health professional. Treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and medication have been shown to be effective in the treatment of SAD. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Helpful Online Resources for learning German

To a lot of people, German sounds a bit weird. It doesn’t have the verve of French, the fluidity of English or the melody of Italian. And when one actually engages in learning the language, it turns out to be quite complex. Starting with its interesting ability to form words that never seem to end. But the real depths of the German language lie in the grammar. Even though there are more complicated languages and most Germans themselves do not necessarily use it correctly, there is no way around it should you want to master the language. To give you a head start, here are some helpful online sources for German grammar.   The â€Å"Deutsche Welle† (DW) is the German state international radio. It broadcasts worldwide in roughly 30 languages, offers a TV-program as well as a website. But, and this is where it gets interesting, it also provides educational programs, such as online language courses. As the whole DW is state-funded, it is able to offer this service free of charge. Tom’s Deutschseite:  This page has a funny background. It was created by a guy called Tom (obviously), who originally set it up for his non-German girlfriend to support her.   Canoonet:  This compilation of grammar-resources is provided by the Swiss IT-company Canoo. Even though the website looks rather outdated, it can prove to be a good help to learn some more about German grammar. The information was compiled and authored by a professional linguist.   German Grammar  supplies a large extent of examples and exercises. The site is run by a Berlin-based company, offering numerous services online. To be honest, to profit from the page, one has to look past its very old-fashioned exterior. One might say that the site tries to match the German language in its alleged drought. But the sheer information could be a goldmine.   Learning Grammar with Lingolia:  A much more modern looking platform for learning German grammar is provided by Lingolia. Besides German, the website also offers resources for learning English, French and Spanish and can further be viewed in Italian and Russian. The site is very well structured in a practical tile-design and easy to use. Lingolia also provides an app for smartphones, so that you can even check your grammar on the go.   Materials by Irmgard Graf-Gutfreund:  On her privately owned website, Austrian teacher Irmgard Graf-Gutfreund has compiled a large collection of materials to support German classes. Among other employers, she used to work for the Goethe Institute. On top of the huge grammar section, one can find materials to all areas of studying German. Note that the page is in German and though the language is quite simple, you should already know some basics.   Deutsch Fà ¼r Euch – Youtube Channel:  The â€Å"Deutsch Fà ¼r Euch (German For You)† Youtube Channel comprises a long list of video tutorials, including many clips that elaborate on German Grammar. The channel’s host, Katja, uses a lot of graphics to supply visual support for her explanations.

Pros and Cons of Legalization of Medical Marijuana - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 880 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/30 Category Health Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Drugs Essay Marijuana Legalization Essay Smoking Essay Did you like this example? Marijuana is just like any other prohibited drug like any other which can be used for recreation purpose. It comes from a tree called Cannabis sativa. There has been a research done on the impacts of marijuana some have been argued to be pros for supporting the point of them being used as medication. Majorly, the below discussion shows the pros and cons of the legislation of medical marijuana in San Luis Obispo County California. The pros. Marijuana has a high efficiency of reduction of some physical pains, stresses, and distress. The human being has tendency of undergoing such kind of complications just due to either response of nature or due to health complications. Due to this characteristic of marijuana having the ability to combat and remedy as well as treatment of the above it can serve as a good medication for the purpose. It greatly saves the expense of treatment as well as the cost. Such kind of diseases could demand the nicotine substances and some painkillers doses, the use of marijuana brings the cure and it is recommended for such case. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pros and Cons of Legalization of Medical Marijuana" essay for you Create order Scientifically it has been proven that the use of marijuana solves some clan complications and once taken it restores the normal state of living. It has been proven that marijuana causes one respond so alert to issues, in other words, it improves alertness. Sometimes marijuana taking improves on internal moods and gives contentment of sleep. One having taken marijuana measurably it improves on ones response to issues due to quick alertness. Sometimes, human beings undergo the fatigue of tiresome and boredom, it is always medical recommended that marijuana can be used for the treatment. It is also used for the children with treatment-resistance epilepsy. What is normally used is the cannabidiol enriched marijuana. This improves the health of the children and remedy for the situation. Scientifically it has been proven by administering the cannabidiol substances to some children and there was 84% positive change this gave a clear indication of the marijuana for the medication. In San Luis Obispo County California it has been illegal for the use of marijuana but the other drugs have been allowed to take. Marijuana has been used for some many cases been used in dispensaries and clinics, once used measurably it brings no side effects and can be a good medication than any other drugs- which in turn brings some side effects. It has been recorded that some reported case of death out of overuse of other drugs like cocaine and heroin but for the marijuana no reported case for the side effect. This places the marijuana at the high knot of its medicinal purpose (Claude 20). Marijuana take leads to ones dependency on himself or herself. Psychologically one can improve his or her own dependency. In the county, some people take marijuana to a point of no addictiveness and hence its controllable and one can withdraw from its usage upon satisfaction or treatment. It is, however, compromising when one talks about marijuana being a medication to any health problem. Supporting the idea that marijuana can be used as medicine can be quite hard and unsupported. Discussed below are the cons of the statement. The side effects of marijuana in San Luis Obispo County California are very evident, argued biologically, scientifically and socially. It is firstly unethical to use marijuana in the society besides of how much it can be argued to be medicinal it cannot cover its antisocial response. Among many other effects, there is majorly the issue of health complications. Many side effects from the marijuana include, hallucinations which can lead to accidents and false judgments and response on issues. It can lead to health complications and deterioration of medal response and even to some point madness. According to The American Academy of Ophthalmology on the treatment of the eye. In reference to their argument, they point out that marijuana cannot be used for the treatment of glaucoma disease this is because they saw no proof of the effectiveness of marijuana for the treatment purpose. There have been reported cases of cure and effectiveness of other drugs other than the cannabis making it ineffective in San Luis Obispo County California (Gook 38). The smoking of marijuana is basically harmful to the lungs, kidney and throat organs, and their affection leads to chest problems as well as difficult in coughing which can extend to tuberculosis sickness. Marijuana also contains some poisonous substances, their toxoid nature leads to ineffective blood transportation, lung hyperinflation, slowing down of the respiratory systems leading to respiratory illness. In conclusion, in as much as we can say marijuana can be used for medicinal purpose, healing and combating some diseases affection and effects there are good and recommended ways for treatment. Always not the best and even its not recommended as per at my choice. Medication is always to bring value and health to the treated body, marijuana cannot bring any wholeness to the body neither does it bring back to life. Above all marijuana is an illegal drug in San Luis Obispo County California. Works cited Wyle, Claude. The Magazine for Northern California PlaintiffsAttorneys MARCH 2017. (2017): 20. Kim, Gook Jin.? Policy innovation and diffusion through policy typologies: Examining the predictors of medical marijuana legalization in states. Diss. The Florida State University, 2016: 40.

Swift vs. Machiavelli Government Free Essays

Swift vs. Machiavelli: Government Brandi Barnes We’ve all heard of governments over the years—anarchy, dictatorship, communism—who ruled with a firm hand and a blind eye. To be frank, some were just ruthless. We will write a custom essay sample on Swift vs. Machiavelli: Government or any similar topic only for you Order Now But how do they lead? Strong? Weak? Or a little of both? Machiavelli’s purpose: how to rule in a manner that shows power and how to instill that power over the people swiftly. Swift’s purpose: recognize the kind of cold, calculating inhumanity of blunt rationalism when used to address social problems such as poverty as well as overpopulation. In â€Å"The Morals of the Prince,† he is somewhat encouraging the rulers to be harsh, but also be generous to show that he can give and take away because he has the authority. On the contrary, â€Å"A Modest Proposal† is stating that the coldness of turning a blind eye to the situation is one of inhumanity. To begin with, both prove their cases very differently, affecting their audience in the most profound ways. Yet, there is one more effective than the other—Swift. Through the entire satirical piece, Swift is mocking the heartless attitude towards the poor. The wealth of a country is based on one thing: the poverty of the majority of its citizens. The English government was well aware of the two situations pointed out in this essay, yet they chose to sit there and do nothing about it. Instead, they withdraw their natural rights and dehumanize them by viewing them as a commodity. Swift’s comment– â€Å"That it will prevent those voluntary abortions, and that horrid practice of women murdering their bastard children†Ã¢â‚¬â€is one of the ways he shows the government taking away a natural right each mother has, but then goes on to say, â€Å"I doubt more to avoid the expense than the shame† to show how the government yet again is well aware of the dire situation, but they instead supported it by paying her to get rid of her child. Shifting into a new perspective, Machiavelli’s view towards the government is somewhat a paradoxical one. With each statement he makes, he presents is well; then contradicts. â€Å"He may make examples of very few, but he will be more merciful in reality than those who, in their tenderheartedness, allow disorders to occur,† this shows Machiavelli’s perspective on the government; saying that the one showing the consequences to the people know what happen if they disobeyed him instills that bit of fear, and that he will be more successful than a leader who is never stern and allows the people to walk all over him. By showing this certain authority, it ties back into his main purpose of establishing and maintaining power throughout their reign. To wrap things together, both Machiavelli and Swift are using a serious tone to present the same underlying topic: the government ruling. One is mocking it by showing how they pay money to have these children and help their families and the other is saying rule in a harsh but generous manner. In a plethora of ways, â€Å"A Modest Proposal† is exemplification to Machiavelli’s views on how to be an effective leader, but also contradicts on saying that some those exact views listed in â€Å"The Morals of a Prince† is inhuman and heartless. Swift directs his focal point to just that of poverty and overpopulation, allowing us to see a broader reasoning behind his mocking tone towards the government as opposed to Machiavelli using an array of examples. Through both readings, they present and utilize their sole purposes for writing them. Despite their contradictions, they are still very similar to one another. How to cite Swift vs. Machiavelli: Government, Essay examples

Implementation of Project MGMT Methodologies-Samples for Students

Question: Write a report on the Current Project Management Issues in the Case Study of Frank Billings. Answer: Introduction Since 1990 when it was first started, is growing like anything. The reason why it is becoming so popular is this technology has provided a brilliant facility to the companies to produce highly complex designed equipment much faster and better quality[1]. It helps in reducing the scrap work and a better platform to communicate their ideas. Frank Billings was an engineering graduate who was very much enthusiastic to study in detail regarding the rapid prototyping. His dream became true after three years of completing his graduation, after he left Cocable, received order from his ex-company to develop four rapid prototyping machines according to the specifications provided by Cocable. Project Management: Issues and their Causes Project Management Methodologies were not used In the contract awarded by the Cocable to Frank, nothing was mentioned related to the submission of project management documents anywhere since the beginning of the execution of project stage. The activity of developing the retro prototyping started just after the job was awarded to Frank by Cocable. The issue of directly starting the job without doing any cross verification has happened due to the urgency of starting the job by Frank and also due to urgency in completing the project as the project delivery date was very tight. So none of the parties were interested to invest time in developing the project management documents and even they did not follow any project management methodologies too. All the parties Frank, Cocable and GE were interested in developing the retro prototyping and neither party interested in developing or following the project management strategies. Scope of work was not verified since the start of Retro Prototyping Project Ever since the work order was awarded to Frank, neither he wanted to cross check the scope nor did the Cocable also insisted for doing so either with Frank or from their client GE. This was the major mistake that has arises such a serious conflicts at the end of the project. The scope verification [2] process that is conducted when the work is in progress and the proper monitoring is done in Project Management, according to which the stage ask the team to reconfirm the scope after every stage of progress for its verification and minimize the diversion from the aim or scope of work. Stakeholder Identification not performed The very first step of the project management procedure is the identification of stakeholders and documents the expectations of the stakeholders. In this stage the stakeholders were identified, their expectation from the project is documented and the procedure to meet the expectations is also documented. This stage was totally missing in this case. If this would have been there, the expectations of GE would have been well identified before the start of the work. No communication matrix developed It is the step in project management which is conducted just after the stakeholder identification stage. When the types of communications, there procedure, venue and media are identified[3]. This stage was also missing in the case. In this case, Frank was unaware that in case of any issue whom he need to contact in Cocable as per the contract terms. This became the main reason of the conflict. Now as the issue arises regarding the scope verification, none of the party is willing to take the ownership, as it was actually not clear since the beginning. So the identification of roles and responsibilities in communication matrix is required well before the actual start of job. Change Control Procedure is missing This stage is required to be defined at the beginning itself which can help the project in resolving conflicts in case of any changes occurs in scope of quality requirements in between the project execution stage[4]. In current case, since the document is missing, so no one knows that how to resolve the current issue of increase in the length of model from 55 inches to 62 inches. Moreover, Frank need to procure many more actuators, and other related items for the change. So now who will pay for the change remains unresolved due to the absence of this document. Recommendatons By looking at the issues which has risen in the case, is because of not following the proper steps of project management methodology and related techniques. So the project management techniques need to be followed in every project for the whole life cycle. Otherwise similar issues can always arise. The lessons learnt from the study can be summarized as, the stakeholder identification, communication matrix, scope verification and other similar stages of the project management need to be followed since the beginning of the project till its end. Conclusion So now it can be concluded that the whole issues in the current case has raised only because of neglecting the requirement of project management processes in any project irrespective of its deadline and stringent requirements. This report has also identified few more stages of improvement required for the proper flow of work and resolving all probable ways of evolving any issues. Now the issue which remained unresolved is the finding of the mistake maker that who shall pay for the cause of this conflict and need to pay for the schedule and cost overrun. After going through the whole case study it can be finalized that it is not only the fault of Frank who did not crossed checked the scope before start of work, but also of Cocable who did not demanded any project management documents which are mandatory required before the start of any activity and similarly the GE, who in turn did not demanded for any king of reporting system in between the work execution stage, so I feel that all th e three parties are equally responsible for the problem occurred. References Stratasys. (2017) Rapid Prototyping. [Online]. https://www.stratasys.com/solutions/rapid-prototyping Andy Jordan. (2012, October) Scope Verification: The Forgotten Process. [Online]. https://www.projectmanagement.com/articles/275424/Scope-Verification--The-Forgotten-Process Sheryl. (2011, January) Using the Communications Management Matrix as a Tool. [Online]. https://www.brighthubpm.com/monitoring-projects/33854-using-the-communications-management-matrix-as-a-tool/ Cathlynn Carman. (2013, May) 4 Steps to Effective Change Control. [Online]. https://insights.dice.com/2013/05/08/why-change-control-isnt-for-sissies/

Gone with the Wind (1939) and Dr. Zhivago (2002)

15 Tactics To Boost Twitter Engagement Backed By Research

15 Tactics To Boost Twitter Engagement Backed By Research Imagine standing in a room full of people while presenting a speech. Now keep in mind, this is one of the best speeches you’ve ever given. It’s filled with creative ideas and useful information you know your audience will love. The only problem isnobody in the room is listening to you. Now imagine you are publishing content on Twitter. This is the best content you’ve ever produced. Except this time, no one is clicking on the link you provided or even bothering to look at the graphic you’ve designed for it. This is what the content marketing world likes to call engagement. When it comes to using Twitter, your job is to maximize engagement on every piece of content you send out. But how? By the end of this post, you will become a Twitter engagement mastermind. 15 Tactics To Boost Twitter Engagement Backed By Research1. Use Images To Increase Retweets By 150% In order for your audience to engage with your posts and click on your content, they need to actually see what you’re posting. One of the best ways to make your content stand out is by adding an image. Buffer found that sharing images on Twitter increases retweets by 150%. Including a large image with a short summary of text on Twitter is more visually appealing than a text-only post. In fact, research shows that users engaged at a rate 5X higher  when an image was included. Go forth engage your audience with these tactics https://t.co/CwTHAbcrsa pic.twitter.com/mhMfzzGjyp (@) August 14, 2016 Include an image in every post for 35% more retweets. Images can be anything from pictures and screenshots to mini infographics and charts. Make sure your visual is directly related to the content it’s tied with. Recommended Reading: How To Make The Best Social Media Images The Easy Way (+84 Free Images) 2. Use Memes and GIFs To Show Personality Aside from adding an image to your tweet, you can use memes and GIFs when publishing your content on Twitter. This adds a fun spin to your plain post and will be too irresistible for your audience to scroll past. â€Å"GIFs are a great way to showcase your brand's personality, stay trendy, and have fun† -HeyOrca. Twitter has made it easy to add GIFs by doing all the work for you within the tweet box. All you have to do is choose an appropriate GIF from the drop-down menu or search for a specific genre in the search box. Memes and GIFs are becoming extremely popular among top companies.  At , we’ve recently started using memes and GIFs on Twitter and have found that they receive far more likes and retweets than regular images. You had a hard week! Relax today...it can wait till Monday! pic.twitter.com/I7NyU9ON2A - (@) August 12, 2016 Use real-life pictures of employees to show a true look inside the company, versus internet memes, gives a personal feel and helps build the  story behind your brand. GIFs are a great way to promote special offers and events. Memes and GIFs help you connect with your fans and followers in a new way because they sometimes convey emotions much better than text or photos or even videos. Use the correct  sizing  for GIFs and memes and don't forget to add a witty caption. 3. Create Twitter Polls To Engage With Followers People are often willing to provide you their opinion- and this is especially true on social media networks. Twitter polls are  a great way to engage  your followers and obtain valuable information about your customer base.  It also shows your followers that you care about their opinions, which in turn helps to build trust and loyalty, further strengthening your brand identity and reputation. To create a Twitter Poll: Open your Twitter page on a web or mobile device, click the Tweet button in the top navigation bar. Click the Add poll icon located in the bottom left corner. Type your poll question into the main compose box. Insert your first poll option into the Choice 1 box, followed by your second poll option into the Choice 2 box. Click  + Add a choice  to add additional options to your poll. You can  have up to four options per poll. A poll automatically defaults to run for 1 day. You can change the duration of your poll by clicking 1 day and adjusting the days, hours, and minutes.  The minimum amount of time for a poll is 5 minutes, and the maximum is 7 days. Click Tweet to post the poll. We recently ran a poll  asking our followers the burning question of how to pronounce the word "GIF." To our surprise, we received an overwhelming amount of responses. We have to ask! How is the word "Gif" pronounced? - (@) June 16, 2016 Keep your poll questions short and sweet. Your audience is more likely to respond when you keep your poll simple. Ask questions about your services, products, and brand in general. Be sure to mix in a fun Twitter poll every now and then about an office debate or what color to use for you next blog post. Store a list of potential Twitter poll questions and post a new poll every week for consistency. 4. Participate In Twitter Chats To Promote Your Brand A great way to build engagement for your brand is to communicate with people who are interested in similar products or topics. Instead of posting Tweets or sending direct messages, you can have conversations using Twitter chats. What is a Twitter chat?  It's a conversation around one unique hashtag. This hashtag allows you to follow the discussion and participate in it. Twitter chats are usually recurring and on specific topics to regularly connect people with these interests. Participating in Twitter chats allows you to have real-time conversations with hundreds of different users while promoting your expertise and building your authority  on a topic. Be on the lookout for different hashtags to find Twitter chats relevant to your brand. From there, all you need to do is join in on the conversation happening and include the hashtag. A6 Being present! Make sure you're involved with your twitter account everyday sharing content that's worth looking at #ContentWritingChat - (@) August 2, 2016 The goal of joining Twitter chats is to gain  interest in your brand from Twitter users who aren’t part of your follower base yet. 67% of Twitter users are far more likely to buy from the brands they follow  on Twitter. Choose a Twitter chat that is relevant and beneficial to participate in. Look to leading brands  in your industry and reach out to them to co-host with you to expand your network. 5. Host Twitter Chats To Reach A Larger Audience Once you get the hang of participating in Twitter chats, you can choose to host your own. Here are a few key points from Buffer  to keep in mind before jumping into your own Twitter chat: Decide on a clear and brief hashtag that represents your brand. Choose a day and time that you can consistently hold Twitter chats. Come up with an appropriate topic and questions. Plan and promote your chat via Twitter. Make sure you choose a topic that is relevant to your audience. If you are a content marketer, choose a topic relating to social media, SEO, marketing, or something similar. Before beginning your chat, asks everyone to introduce themselves and where they are tweeting from. Engaging with your participants is the most important part of hosting a Twitter chat. After asking each question, reply to a few responses to remain in the loop. Recommended Reading: How To Use A Twitter Chat To Grow Your Audience And Gain Trust 6. Pin Tweets To Boost Your Best Content Do you have an awesome Tweet you want all of your followers to see? You can pin tweets to your profile that will remain on the top of your page until you removed the pin. It’s a simple tactic with big results to boost engagement. Just select the tweet you want pinned, click the â€Å"...† icon, and then click Pin to your profile page. Pin a Tweet that has an eye catching image to boost retweets by 35%. A pinned tweet is similar to an ad, except you don’t have to pay for it. Take advantage of this free advertisement by having a strong call to action. Include a URL in your pinned tweet to receive 86% more engagement. Pin tweets to boost your best content.7. Use Standalone Graphics To Share Information By now, we all know that using images in tweets will increase engagement, but what about adding an image without any links? We tested this theory out on our Twitter page and found that in fact, it does have a positive affect! Not just any random image, but a standalone graphic. Don't forget to take care of the little guy pic.twitter.com/x8YQ4Loq4q - (@) August 22, 2016 A standalone graphic is an image that gives useful information on its own without needing a link back to something. For our standalone graphics, we give tidbits of information and quotes from well-known marketers. Research shows that posting a standalone graphic with a quote increases retweets by 19%.   Use a graphic with text that gives quick information to your followers. Grab small pieces of information from your blog posts to put in your standalone graphic. Use tools like Canva to create a standalone graphic. Recommended Reading: How To Design The Best Blog Graphics With Free Tools And Design Theory 8. Social Listening Helps Build Loyalty â€Å"Research shows that customer emotions become permanent with time. It’s best for an effective intervention to take place as close to the experience as possible,† says Baba Shiv, Stanford Professor of Marketing at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business. When users respond to your posts on Twitter or mention your business name, respond quickly. If you don’t, then it’s going to seem like you’re not very active on your own Twitter page- or you simply don’t care. It’s been found that 72% of people who complain on Twitter expect a response within an hour  so it’s your priority to respond as fast as possible. Our team uses the Mention app to respond to our followers quickly and efficiently.  Mention is monitored several times throughout the day by our team to ensure each and every person is responded to promptly. Many of our followers have questions that need urgent answers, so it’s important to reach out to them to resolve the issue. Or to simply thank your followers for sharing your content. Your followers will be much more likely to post comments if they know that you are reading them and that you will respond to them in a helpful manner. Use first names when you are responding. Addressing your followers in this way makes them feel more appreciated- not to mention that people love to be acknowledged. Small gestures like these help to build loyalty. If you respond right away, there’s a chance that the conversation will continue since they may still be on your page. 9. Curate Content To Increase Traffic Are you only tweeting your own content? Sharing the content of others is one of the best ways to show that you’re not all about you, and that you value the work of others enough to share it on your own Twitter feed. One report found that 82% of marketers curate content. At , we curate our content with our Chrome extension tool  for fast curation that can be schedule ahead of time. Curating content is a widely known tactic for a reason because it works. Over 50% of marketers that curate content indicate that it has increased their brand visibility, thought leadership, SEO, web traffic and buyer engagement.  Next time you post on Twitter, mix in a few curated pieces along with your usual content to increase engagement among your followers to expand their experience. Find the best content, the content you enjoyed, the content your audience members are sharing and talking about, the content that is actually helpful. Connect with influencers. You’re going to be sharing content by the leaders in your industry, opening the doors to communicating with them. Plan your curated content ahead of time for consistency. 10. Use Hashtags To Double Engagement Twitter didn’t invent the hashtag (#), but it certainly popularized it with the masses. Hashtags are proven to double your engagement rate and help users to easily search for a topic or trend on Twitter. They are a great way to join in a conversation already happening or organize a conversation, like a Twitter chat. Hashtags identify the subject of your content, making it easier for Twitter users to stumble across your page when searching for similar subjects. Because of this, using hashtags is an incredible way to boost social media engagement among both followers and non-followers since you’re making your content more visible. A good hashtag is memorable, unique, and relevant to your content. Try not to use more than two hashtags per post to avoid being annoying. Always use a hashtag when participating in or hosting a Twitter chat. Recommended Reading: How To Use Hashtags Effectively Without Being Annoying 11. Use Video in Tweets For A 28% Boost While images perform better than text, Twitter users love videos. 82% of users watch video content on Twitterthat’s a big number!  Simon Rodgers found that adding a video to your tweet will give you a 28% boost in engagement. You have 10 seconds to win over your followers. According to research by Visible Measures, 20% of your viewers will click away from a video in 10 seconds or fewer. Promote and educate your followers about your brand using video. Adding in a weekly tip to your page is a sure way to engage with new followers. Include people around your office in Twitter videos to give a personal touch to your followers. Use video in tweets for a 28% engagement boost.12. Use Twitter Ads For Higher Click-Through Rates If you’re looking for a fast and guaranteed way to boost Twitter engagement, than Twitter Ads are something to look into, especially if you don’t have a lot of followers to engage with. To set up Twitter Ads: Choose between promoted tweets and promoted accounts. According to Hubspot, promoting tweets will allow your tweets to appear in users’ Twitter streams or in Twitter search results, whereas promoting your account will display your username under the â€Å"Who to Follow† section in users’ homepages. Choose your target audience.  You can target a specific audience based on demographics and psychographics. Targeting the right audience will ensure that your ads are seen by the right people who would benefit from your brand. Create your tweets.  Now that you've chosen what type of ads you want and the type of audience to target, you can begin creating your tweets.  You can either select from existing tweets in your account, or create new ones from scratch. Be sure to assign your Twitter ad campaign a daily budget and maximum spend limit before setting it live. Low Twitter follower count? Try running Twitter ads.Recent studies have found that Twitter ads consistently deliver higher click-through rates  (even higher than Facebook ads). Plan ahead by choosing a Twitter ad campaign that fits your brand's goals. Use interest targeting and keywords to target the right audience for the best results. Create visually appealing images for your Twitter ads to reach more people and boost engagement. 13. Tweet At The Best Times The number of people you engage with is directly related to followers viewing your tweets. In order to maximize engagement, you must post at the best possible times. After doing some research on 10 different studies about the best times to post on social media, studies show a few ways to make every tweet get a little more engagement: Wednesdays at 12 p.m. and 5-6 p.m. Mondays-Fridays at 12-3 p.m. and 5 p.m. Any day of the week from 2-3 a.m., 6-7 a.m., and 9-10 p.m. Use these times as a guideline. Test out different times and find out when your audience is the most active on Twitter. You can also check out Twitter Analytics to see when your specific audience is most active. 14. Use Twitter Cards To Drive Traffic To Your Website You may be asking, "What are Twitter Cards?" Twitter Cards allow you to go beyond the  140-character limit and attach different forms of media. According to Forbes, they add visual interest through images, product info, videos, and other expanded content. All you have to do to get started with using the feature is add a couple lines of code to your site. Refer to our post on Social Media Optimization to get set up. There are seven distinct Twitter Cards to choose from: Gallery cards featuring a number of images Single photo cards Summary cards which let you post a link with further information Summary cards with images App cards Player cards which showcase videos Product cards Below is an example of a Summary Card which includes a title, description, thumbnail image, Twitter account attribution and a direct link to the content. Test different types of cards.  Every site is different, and Twitter Card analytics will help you measure which cards yield the most engagement with your content. Engage with Influencers.  Twitter Card analytics make it possible determine who is sharing your content with the most velocity - make sure to engage with these accounts to promote further interaction! Add a few lines of HTML to your webpage. Users who Tweet links to your content will have a â€Å"Card† added to the Tweet that’s visible to all of their followers. How can Twitter Cards improve your engagement?15. Use Emoticons To Increase Favorites By 57% Instead of having a plain block of text, consider breaking up the text with an emoticon. Emoticons show a certain element of playfulness that provides your brand with a bit of personality. In fact, statistics show that the using emoticons  will boost the share and comment rate of your posts, and can help increase favorites by as much as 57%.   Choose one or two emoticons per tweet. â€Å"Think of emojis as the ultimate elevator pitch for your business: you have one or two symbols to let people know exactly what value you’re bringing them with every Tweet.† Use emoticons when responding to your followers to add a personal touch and show appreciation. Emphasize specific parts of your tweet with a correlating emoticon to intensify engagement. What Twitter Engagement Tactics Work For You? Analyzing engagement rates allows you to see how much of an impression your brand is leaving on your audience. Look at engagement as a stepping stone that leads followers to view your website, subscribe to your newsletters, and purchase your product. Without engagement you will be tweeting to a black abyss. Building a strong relationship with your Twitter followers will bring forth high engagement. Implement these tactics the next time you post on Twitter and watch your engagement rate skyrocket.

Italy History and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Italy History and Politics - Essay Example Certainly all 4 families flex their muscles throughout Italy and beyond its borders, but the strength of corruption's grip is felt most noticeably in the South. Consider this: although a large flow of cash is continually funneled through political parties and persons in positions of power [reference Silvio Belusconi's rise, fall and subsequent rise to power as an example], Italy's underworld makes it's biggest profits from the lowest common denominator: the public sector. Hence the existence of the "tangenti" better known as the bribe or kickback. Used as a means to buy into businesses and the lucrative contracts that come with it; in areas as diverse as construction, trash removal and produce distribution to name just a few ( Moody 1 ). The rampant use of the tangenti reached epic heights during the 1980's and 1990's. Paul Ginsborg touches on the phenomenon is his epic volume Italy and It's Discontents where he briefly examines the kickback scandals inherit to the later half of the 90's as well as the murky relationship between seven-time Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti and the Mafia. Money wasn't buying power so much as it was buying position. Consider one of the most well known Italian kickback scandals of the last 20 years involving computer giant Olivetti. In a face-to-face admission with Milan prosecutors, Olivetti Chief executive officer Carlo De Benedetti confessed that his company $6.8 million in tangenti between 1988 and the end of 1991. Most of the money, he said, was funneled to the Socialist and Christian Democrat parties in return for contracts to nearly $400 million worth of computers and printers to Italy’s national postal service (Moody 4). Why the motivation to play with the bad guys? Before Olivetti involved itself in tangenti, the company's annual sales to the post office totaled just over $1 million. The next year after tangenti payments kicked in and money was delivered to the political parties Olivetti revenues soared to nearly 4150 million. A coincidence Recalled De Benedetti: When I stopped paying, we (Olivetti) didn't get any more business with the Italian post office.But what hurt more is that our business outsideof Italy suffered. It was impossible to sell any-anything to the Dutch, for instance, since we couldn't get a good reference any longer fromwithin Italy. (Moody 3) Thirty years later and same type of hardball is still played. As recently as 5 October 2005, Federal investigators were unraveling a huge kickback scandal involving the Mafia and construction companies bidding for multi-million dollar lucrative contracts to build a bridge that will link Reggio Calabria and Mesina and cut travel time in half.(La Republica, 6). In sharp contrast, it's not like Italians haven't at least tried to rebel against this type of underhandedness. Widespread state corruption, historically endemic in the country, accelerated during the 1980's and both the ruling parties were systematically involved in clientism, and stealing from the public purse. The mafia thrived thanks to collusions of the state. Key figures in Italy's various crime families did deals with politicians which guaranteed votes of immunity

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Final paper - Essay Example A market is said to be in perfect competition when there are a large number of buyers and sellers perfectly aware of the market prices, and no firm is large enough to have any economic power over the industry (Amacher & Pate, 2013). The two main characteristics of a perfect market are low barriers to entry and exit, i.e. any new firm can enter the market because of no restrictions such as high setup cost, legal barriers or any other. All the firms are earning normal profit as there is strong competition within the industry. Secondly, homogenous products are produced, i.e. all products are identical or standardized and are substitutes of each other, thus sharing the same price as well (Amacher & Pate, 2013). An imperfect competition is where there are not many producers in the market and there is less competition as buyers and sellers are not fully aware of the prices so different prices exist for same product in the market (Amacher & Pate, 2013). There are three forms of an imperfect market: Under this structure, there are few sellers as compared with perfect competition and the products produced are differentiated due to branding, which gives the producer a way to have his own pricing policy and thus can earn more than normal profits (Amacher & Pate, 2013). There are a few suppliers in the market in this structure, and every supplier has a substantial control over the prices, and output produced because few suppliers control the entire supply in the market. There is strong rival consciousness because of the interdependence of suppliers. There is a possibility of product differentiation as well as substitute products, and the price-output policy of each supplier depends upon the degree of homogeneity or heterogeneity (Amacher& Pate, 2013). There is a single seller or producer who controls the entire market. As he

Septic Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis Comparison

Septic Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis Comparison Septic infectious arthritis and reactive arthritis are two arthritic disorders that result from an infection. Though they both are related in their etiology and in their characteristic of causing arthritic joints, each of them are actually different in the way the infection triggers the condition. The main difference between the two conditions may be further clarified with the examination of the terminology used for each. Origin of Terminology Septic arthritis derives its name from the term sepsis which pertains to the systemic compromise due to the spread of infection  [1]  ; this is the reason why the term is at times used interchangeably with infectious arthritis. Reactive arthritis was previously known as Reiters Syndrome named after the late German physician Hans Conrad Julius Reiter who was instrumental in the identification and description of the condition.  [2]  The term Reiters syndrome has lost popularity due to the exposure of Reiters history as a Nazi party member during his prosecution in the Nuremberg trials as a war criminal because of his alleged participation in the forced human experimentations in the Buchenwald concentration camp; this urged a group of doctors to campaign for the renaming of term Reiters syndrome into reactive arthritis back in 1977.  [3]  The condition may also be known as arthritis urethritica, polyarteritis enterica, or venereal arthritis. (1) The term arthritis urethritic a was coined due to its tendency to occur after a genitourinary infection, (2) the term polyarteritis enterica was coined due to its tendency to affect multiple joints and its tendency to occur after a gastrointestinal infection, and (3) the term venereal arthritis was coined due to the tendency of the condition to occur after a known venereal disease infection. The main difference between reactive arthritis from septic arthritis is that septic arthritis caused by the infection of the joint. However, reactive arthritis is not caused by an infection to the joint itself, but is rather an autoimmune response in reaction to an infection on another part of the body. Each disorder will be discussed further in depth in this chapter. Overviews, Microbiology, and Prevalence Septic Arthritis Septic arthritis is an infection resulting in an arthritis characterized by purulent invasion and intense pain at the infected joint.  [4]  Aside from being interchangeable with the term infectious arthritis, this condition may also be known as suppurative arthritis due to its characteristic of producing purulent substances or pus, and may also be known as bacterial arthritis, even though the condition may at times be of fungal or viral origin instead of the commonly bacterial origin. The causative infectious agent in septic arthritis can spread to the joint from other previously infected areas of the body. The infection may sometimes only affect a single joint without affecting other parts of the body, but the infection may still spread to other body parts. Septic arthritis commonly affects the knee or wrist, and may also affect other joints such as the ankle, hip, elbow, shoulder, and shoulder. The infection infiltrates and damages the joint causing severe pain, suppuration, he at, and swelling. This severe form of arthritis also develops along with the sudden onset of fever, chills, and joint pain.  [5]  On the occasion that the sufferer of some forms of septic arthritis do not seek rapid medical attention for diagnosis and treatment, the joint may incur irreversible and permanent damage and in a period of days. Therefore, the situation should be regarded as a medical emergency. Gonococcal arthritis is the most prevalent form of septic arthritis in the United States  [6]  . This class of septic arthritis is less prevalent in other areas of the world such as Western Europe where it is presently uncommon. The causative organism behind this form of the condition is the gram-negative diplococcus bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae which was most likely spread to the joint systematically due to disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). This specific condition can be manifested as either arthritis-dermatitis syndrome which is a bacteremic infection accounting for sixty percent of gonococcal arthritis cases, or it can be manifested as an arthritic infection localized to a single joint which accounts for the remaining forty percent of cases.  [7]   Reactive Arthritis Reactive arthritis is an autoimmune condition caused by the bodys immune response to an infection. The causative infection is not located at the affected joint itself (cross-reactivity).  [8]  The triggering infection is usually or often already in remission by the time the patient presents with arthritic symptoms, thus making it difficult to ascertain the initial cause. Cultures taken from the synovial fluid of the joints affected by reactive arthritis will characteristically yield negative results indicating the cause is not a direct infection to the joint, but instead may be plausibly due to the over-stimulation of the autoimmune response or by the depositing of bacterial antigens in the joints by an unknown manner. Though the mechanism of reaction from the infection is still unknown, it is said that reactive arthritis often manifests within one to three weeks after a known infection. Microbiology of Arthritis The etiology of septic arthritis is commonly bacterial in naturemycobacterial, viral, and fungal arthritis occur in rare cases.  [9]  The pathogen responsible for septic arthritis must reach the synovial membrane of the joint. The micro-organisms are usually carried to the joint by the bloodstream from an infectious source such as wound infections and abscesses located elsewhere on the body, introduced by skin lesions or trauma that penetrates into the joint, or by extension of the infection from adjacent body tissue such adjacent soft tissue infections or bones suffering from an osteomyelitic condition. Being the most common cause of septic arthritis, there are various strains of bacteria that may be the culprit behind this condition. Staphylococcus aureus is the common causative pathogen in adults, while streptococci is the second-most likely causative pathogen in adults.  [10]  Neisseria gonorrhoea is the most prevalent causative microorganism in young adults, although thi s is now thought to be rare in Western Europe.  [11]  Moreover, Haemophilus influenzae was the most prevalent causative pathogen in children but is now declining in areas where haemophilus vaccinations have been introduced.  [12]  Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the most likely causative micro-organism among the elderly, the seriously ill, and users of intravenous drugs. Salmonella, brucella, and tuberculosis are the causative pathogens behind septic spinal arthritis.  [13]  Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is the bacterium responsible for endocarditis, has also been identified as a causative pathogen for septic arthritis in children who have suffered a penetrating wound directly to the joints.  [14]   Reactive arthritis may also be caused by bacterial infection. It is triggered by a recent preceding infection; the most common culprit in the United States would be the genital infection Chlamydia trachomatis. The bacterium known as Ureaplasma urealytium, which is a pathogen of the urinary tract, is also known to trigger the condition. The condition may also be triggered by bouts of gastrointestinal infection or food poisoning from Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter, which are all enteric bacteria genera.  [15]  The infection is not located in the ailing joint, and may no longer present elsewhere on the body by the time the reactive arthritis develops. Other microorganisms may still be behind a case reactive arthritis but the evidence indicating them to be the actual cause is still circumstantial.  [16]   Prevalence of Septic Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis Young children, older adults, and individuals with artificial joints are at greater risk than the general population to develop septic arthritis. Those with artificial joints may be infected with different organisms in comparison with the general population, and may present with slightly different symptoms.  [17]  In general, if an individual affected by septic arthritis seeks medical attention and treatment within a week after the first symptoms appear, they will most likely make a full recovery. On the other hand, individuals aged twenty to forty years of age are more likely to be affected by reactive arthritis. Men are more likely to be affected by the condition than women. Caucasian people are more likely to be affected than individuals of African-American descent; this is due to the frequent occurrence of the HLA-B27 gene within the white population.  [18]  Patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) also have an increased risk of developing this condit ion. Arthritis makes it extremely difficult for affected individuals to remain physically active as many individuals become bound to their homes. These individuals will increase their risk for obesity, depression, and heart disease due to their inactivity and anxiety from worsening disability.  [19]   The Immune Systems Role in Arthritis Septic arthritis and reactive arthritis are both conditions that involve the immune systems autoimmune response. However, septic arthritis is the result of the bodys normal immune response to an actual infection present at the ailing joint. On the other hand, reactive arthritis is the result of the immune systems abnormal immune response to what it believes is a present infection at the joint but is, however, absent or is an infection on a part of the body aside from the joint; this mistaken response which may be due to misinterpretation or oversensitivity is considered abnormal and is classified as an autoimmune disease. An overview of the human bodys immune system can better explain the mechanism by which these two conditions come into fruition. Overview of the Human Immune System The human immune system is an intricate defense system designed to specifically defend against the many different types of pathogens. Pathogens are any organism, usually a live organism, which can cause disease. Pathogens include bacteria which are single celled organisms capable of living outside the body, protozoa which are single celled organisms that live and are spread through water, pathogenic proteins which are multi-celled organisms that can only reproduce in another more complex living organism, fungi which are plant-like multi-celled organisms that take nutrition from other living organism such as plants and animals, viruses which are actually multi-celled organisms that invade and reproduce inside another microbial organism, and parasites which are full complex organisms which feed off the nutrients of another complex organisms and which tend to live in the intestinal tract or bloodstream of the human body. In theory any one of these organisms can cause septic arthritis or reactive arthritis, but parasites are very unlikely to cause these conditions and bacteria are the most prevalent culprit. In the event that a pathogen passes through the bodys outer physical barriers, such as mucus and the skin, and penetrates into the internal structures of the human body, the immune system kicks in.  [20]   The human bodys immune system response is composed of the non-specific response and the specific response. Non-specific response consists of the complement response, the interferon response, fever response, and the inflammatory response. The complement response is conducted by the activation of complement proteins which bind with pathogens with lipid layers, such as bacteria, to destroy their lipid layers allowing water to shift into the pathogen to drown them, or by the activation of macrophages which engulf the invading pathogen. Interferon response is conducted by a cell that has been infected with a virus. The infected cell produces a chemical protein known as interferon which will bind to uninfected cells preventing the virus from readily infecting them. The fever is conducted in response to toxin present in the body which may or may not be produced by bacteria; pyrogen, which is a chemical also known as Interleukin 1, is responsible for resetting and increasing the bodys temper ature and may cause gradual joint degeneration. Inflammatory response is the result of the release of histamines in response to tissue damage or infection; histamine is capable of causing capillary dilation which allows for greater capillary permeability, which in turn allows for white blood cells to gather at an infected site, for fluid to create inflammation and swelling at the site to create cushioning, and for an increase in temperature at the affected site. The inflammatory response and fever response are the main responses responsible for the signs and symptoms present during both septic arthritis and reactive arthritis. The human bodys specific immune response is mostly managed by the different types of leukocytes which are better known as white blood cells (WBCs). White blood cells can be classified as eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Eosinophils serve to produce interleukins which are chemicals that serve a vital role as immune system neurotransmitters that relay messages between the many different white blood cells to ensure that they work together and cooperate as an effective system against pathogens and to ensure that the immune system does not attack the bodys own cells. Macrophages are also known as phagocytes, meaning they are capable of conducting phagocytosis which is the process of engulfing, killing, and digesting of pathogens and cellular debris; after digestion, the degraded pathogen is turned in peptides which can act as antigens. The antigens produced by the macrophages are then carried by the macrophages into the lymph nodes where the helper T-cells utilize them to signal the B-cells to create antibodies. The last type of white blood cell is collectively called lymphocytes. The lymphocytes can be further subdivided into B-cells, NK cells, and T-cells. B-cells are responsible for creating immunoglobulin, or antibodies, that are specific to a certain pathogen as identified by their antigen. Antigens are protein peptides that exist on the outer surface of pathogens; these antigens are used to differentiate and identify cells and pathogens that are foreign to the host body. The helper T-cells who receive the antigen produced by the macrophage produce lymphokines which instruct the B-cells on the production of the specific antibody. When the B-cells produce the specific antibody, B plasma cells begin to create more copies of its own self to create more antibodies. These antibodies, when released into the bloodstream, will then proceed to bind with the antigens on the actual pathogens to signal the killer T-cells to attack these foreign organisms. The B-cells will also produce B memory cells, which are inactive B plasma cells. These inactive B memory cells last longer than their active B plasma cell counterparts, which last for about five to seven days; the presence of the B memory cells in the bloodstream allows them to respond faster to secondary exposures to the same pathogens in the future. Natural killer (NK) cells are cells that are activated by interferons, which interfere with virus replication, and chemicals produced by macrophages which have ingested a virus. Natural killer cells engulf virus pathogens to prevent them from reproducing until a killer T-cell is developed to kill the contained virus. T-cells are responsible for identifying and destroying specific pathogens and consist of helper T-cells, killer T-cells, memory T-cells, and suppressor T-cells. Helper T-cells receive antigens from macrophages which have ingested a pathogen and instruct the B-cells to produce antibodies which will in turn signal the killer T-cells. Killer T-cells are responsible for finding and destroying pathogens by injecting them with cytotoxins. Memory T-cells are derivatives of helper T-cells which circulate around the body and perform the same functions as their parent cells. Suppressor T-cells are responsible for slowing down and deactivating the immune response once the foreign o rganisms and pathogens have been eliminated. What Goes Wrong with the Immune Response Septic arthritis is really the result of the damage caused by the invading organisms and the normal immune response of the body to the infection in that specific joint or set of joints. In septic arthritis, the macrophages ingest a pathogen that has infected a joint. The macrophages then degrade the pathogen into antigens and relay them to the helper T-cells in the lymph nodes. The T-cells then create antibodies specific to the antigens on the pathogens. The inflammatory response also releases histamine which increases the blood flowing into the affected joint to cause swelling, redness, and pain, which in turn causes stiffness and difficulty moving in the joint to cause arthritic symptoms. Meanwhile, the invading organisms cause damage to the joints. Such damage incurred by the joints may be irreparable if medical attention is not immediately sought after. Suppuration which is the result of the white blood cells fight against the invading microorganisms may also contribute to the ar thritic condition. The fever response that triggers the release of pyrogen may also contribute to the degeneration of the joint. Although the exact etiology of the condition is still uncertain, unlike septic arthritis, reactive arthritis is caused by a faulty immune system response. The condition occurs in the absence and aftermath of an actual infection that is located in a part of the body aside from the affected joints. Two theories exist for the purpose of explanation. The first theory speculates that there are antigens deposited in the affected joint; the second theory speculates that the immune system has become faulty in detecting the actual presence or absence pathogens and creates an exaggerated immune response in the joints even though there is no infection or the infection is located elsewhere on the body. These theories causes the immune system to believe in a current infection and will release histamine and pyrogen to produce inflammation and fever. The inflammation will again cause the joint(s) to be stiff, painful, and immobileall of which are arthritic symptoms. The absence of an actual pathogen may mean that the inflammation and fever will last for an uncertain length of time but the absence of an actual pathogen will also mean that there is little to no actual damage to the affected joint. Distinguishing Characteristics There are over a hundred forms of arthritis, all of which involve some degree of inflammation, pain, and immobility of an affected joint.  [21]  The many different types are the result of several different causes and these causes may point towards what distinguishes each form of arthritis from the other. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease and is the most common presentation of arthritis; it can result from trauma to the joint, direct infection to the joint, daily wear and tear, muscle strain, fatigue, or simply from old age. Other forms of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis are attributed to autoimmune diseases. The main thing that differentiates septic arthritis and reactive arthritis from other types of arthritis is that they are mainly results of infection. This means that they will most likely present with fever. The main difference between reactive arthritis from septic arthritis is that the latter is when infection of the joint itself is the cause of the suppuration leading to the arthritis. However, reactive arthritis is not caused by an infection to the joint itself, but rather the inflammation is caused by an autoimmune response to an infection located on another part of the body; this is known as cross reactivity.  [22]  Septic arthritis will most likely affect an individual joint (monoarthritic) if only one joint is infected. Nonetheless, the possible systemic nature of reactive arthritis allows it to most likely affect several joints (polyarthritis). Septic arthritis will also most likely yield positive culture results and present with suppuration, unlike reactive arthritis which may not yield the same results due to the absence of an infection at the actual site of arthritic symptoms. Techniques and Research Diagnostic Techniques The diagnosis of arthritis in general is made through a clinical examination that is conducted by a duly licensed and qualified health professional, who may require other examinations such as blood tests and radiology to create a differential diagnosis for the suspected arthritis. However, radiographs (x-ray) and sonographs (ultrasound) are mostly used only to assess and monitor the severity and progression of the condition. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also an effective diagnostic tool. The history of the current disorder may guide diagnosis; some significant markers include: speed and time of onset, pattern and symmetry of joint involvement, aggravating and relieving factors, quality and severity of pain, and other systemic symptoms. An example of this is the use of pain patterns; for example, rheumatoid arthritis is generally worse in pain and stiffness during mornings, but in comparison, osteoarthritis is usually aggravated after strenuous activities such as exercise. There is no diagnostic test to completely rule out septic arthritis; however, it should be considered whenever a patient presents with rapid onset of joint pain. Usually it only affects one joint (monoarthritis); however, several joints can be affected simultaneously in cases involving staphylococcus or gonococcus infections. The affected joints may present with pain, swelling, redness, and warmth, often affecting joints in the limbs instead of deep joints such as the hips or shoulders. A fever of a bove 38.5 degrees Celsius and history of septic arthritis may also be indicative of the condition. The Gram stain can rule towards a septic arthritis diagnosis but cannot rule it out.  [23]  Gram stain and culture of fluid from the joint and blood test serums can also rule towards a positive diagnosis when yielding elevated neutrophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), and WBCs. Being a sort of systemic autoimmune disorder, reactive arthritis can be expected to cause polyarthritis which is a multiple joint arthritic condition. The affected joints may also present with pain, swelling, redness, and warmth. Swabs taken from the urethra, cervix, stool, urine, or the throat can be cultured in an attempt to identify the causative organisms. Blood tests and synovial fluid cultures may also be done to reveal elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and CRP to support the diagnosis. A blood screening may be done to identify the presence of the gene HLA-B27, which is present in an estimated eighty percent of all patients suffering from reactive arthr itis.  [24]   Treatment Techniques Treatment for arthritis in general includes lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight control, physical therapy, orthopedic braces, and medications. The main goal of treatment for both septic and reactive arthritis is to identify and eradicate the causative pathogen with the appropriate antibiotics. In the meantime, the treatment is symptomatic. Medications such as antibiotics, NSAIDS, steroids, and analgesia can help decrease inflammation in the joint resulting in decreased pain and hampered joint damage.  [25]  Reactive arthritis may require immunosuppressant medications in addition to the above medications to reduce oversensitivity of the immune system. Extreme pain, redness, and swelling may require drainage by needle puncture to alleviate these signs of inflammation. Surgical replacement of the joints may also be needed in eroding types of arthritis such as certain strains of septic arthritis. Surgical debridement or arthrotomy is usually indicated for infections involvi ng prosthetic joints. Individuals for whom surgery is contraindicated will have to undergo long-term trial antibiotic therapy.  [26]   Analysis Septic arthritis and reactive arthritis are two arthritic conditions that result from the human immune systems response to infection. Septic arthritis is the result of an infection on the arthritic joint; if one joint is infected, only one joint shall be suffer arthritic symptoms. Reactive arthritis is the result of an exaggerated immune response to an infection that does not involve the arthritic joint; this condition may be systemic and may affect multiple joints. Septic arthritis and reactive arthritis may both be caused by any pathogen including bacteria, mycobacterium, virus, and fungi; however, bacterial infections are the most prevalent culprit. Since both septic arthritis and reactive arthritis are the result of an infection, what distinguishes them from most other forms of arthritis is that both of them may present with fever and some degree of suppuration in addition to the usual symptoms of inflammation which include pain, swelling, redness, and warmth at the joint. Septic arthritis will however prove to be the more destructive of the two conditions because it directly infects the joint and may cause permanent and irreversible damage. Since both of the conditions are the result of an infection, both of their treatments include antibiotics, which may usually be given intravenously, and medications that may deal with the symptoms of pain and inflammation may be given. Orthopedic bracing for support and surgical intervention for damaged joints may also be needed in certain cases.

Mongols †How Barbaric Were the “Barbarians? Essay

The Mongols began to lift to power under the great Genghis Khan. and during the thirteenth century they created the largest imperium in history. The Mongols during the 1300s were really known. and feared by many. it was about rare to happen countries that hadn’t heard of the Mongols. These â€Å"barbarians† ruled over many countries. expanded across about all of Asia ; and killed 1000000s of people wherever they went. Mongols ruthlessly slaughtered many people. and used many tactics to guarantee their triumph. The Mongols had built such a repute that some countries would give up without seting up a battle. while others formed ground forcess of 1000s with their best arms and work forces ; but all were crushed one time the Mongols arrived. The Mongols were pitiless slayers and reduced the populations of countries greatly. caused people’s lives to be ruined ; and were non even mentioned in the history of certain countries. because of the atrocious things they caused . But despite all these things the â€Å"barbarians† caused. they besides helped many countries to develop ; and better trade and many other factors. Mongolians are pitiless slayings who didn’t head in killing others. and were known for butchering 1000000s people in history. They even severed the caputs of work forces. adult females. and kids where they conquered. and even made separate hemorrhoids for them. As described by Ata-Malik Juvaini. Mongols would kill everything in towns including animate beings so there was no 1 left ( Doc. Tocopherol ) . Peoples would enter the sum of people the Mongols killed. and some weren’t even able to do out a specific figure because of how much the Mongols killed! Even Iranian manuscripts that were found illustrated work forces being buried alive. and Mongols hiting work forces invariably with their pointers ( Doc. F ) . This illustrates how pitiless the Mongols were. and the atrocious things and ways they killed people were done. In add-on. John of Piano Carpini stated the different tactics used by Mongol. which allowed them to take over fortresses with their ghastly tactics ( Doc. D ) . One of many things the Mongols did. was take the fat of people they killed. run it. and catapult it onto houses and fortresses. â€Å"And wherever the fire falls on this fat it is about inextinguishable. † The Mongols would even flim-flam people into give uping and take the people they want. and so kill the remainder with an axe. As a consequence. the Mongols gained the repute they did. as pitiless work forces who plundered through metropoliss killing everyone along the manner. But there is ever another side to every narrative including this 1. and these savages were non every bit â€Å"barbaric† as they were described. but besides helped societies develop and make a foundation for their hereafter. The Mongols are non credited plenty for the good things that they did. every bit much as the bad things that they did. And if you were to weigh the good and bad workss they committed. the bad workss would non outweigh the good. and the graduated table wouldn’t topple over. but alternatively ; it would about equilibrate out. It is true the Mongols killed 1000s of people and destroyed countries. but as clip went on. the Mongols increased the economic systems of countries. became more tolerant. and even blended in with other societies. The Mongols would non hold been able to accomplish this if they didn’t conquer all the countries they did. and although they made many forfeits along the manner ; the Mongols managed to prevail over the largest country conquered in history. and at the same clip better and raise the population in these countries ( Doc. A ) . Furthermore. one illustration of something good the Mongols did. was aid better the economic systems of countries ; par ticularly Persia and China. Described by Charles J. Halperin. Mongols in Yuan China continued the Grand Canal which improved transit and communicating with other countries. ( Doc. J ) . This helped increase trade which allowed many people to derive new merchandises and go wealthier. lending to their economic system. In add-on. this was really of import to people in China and to other countries. because the Mongols had united China ; which had many merchandises it would so portion with the universe. Particularly the silk from China became popular. and the Iranian silk industry greatly benefitted China opening up to the remainder of the â€Å"world. † The Mongols non merely increased trade in countries. but besides stopped offenses and larceny in many states as stated by Paul Ratchnevsky ( Doc. K ) . It was said that people who lived under Mongol regulation did non even have locks or bolt on their carts or houses because of how safe the environment was. The Mongols made certain it was safe everyplace. and one time the people abided by the regulations ; they would non be punished. More so. a papers compiled by Marco Polo. described the system of couriers and how organized it was ( Doc. L ) . There were stations set up. and the Mongols built roads so couriers and travellers could travel from topographic point to put easy. Each station had Equus caballuss specially for the couriers. and there were even ferry’s to traverse over H2O. This displays how the Mongols non merely killed and conquered people. that they were besides capable of puting up organized systems and build roads. Furthermore. Mongols besides had tolerance for different faiths. and even took involvement in them. For illustration. William of Rubruck composed a papers of Mongke Khan who was a Mongol swayer. funny of other faiths ( Doc. M ) . Mongke sent his Scribe who told the people which included Christians. Buddhists and Muslims. to come together and organize a conference ; and compose down what they say so Mongke can â€Å"know the truth. † The work forces did as they were told. and Mongke did non state they were incorrect. but alternatively he stated that the Mongols believe in one God. â€Å"But merely as God gave different fingers to the manus so has he given different ways to work forces. † This illustrates how the Mongols did non knock others for following their faith. but accepted their beliefs and still stuck to their ain. allowing them live their lives. The Mongols were viewed as ruthless slayers who slaughtered 1000000s of people with no clemency. and caused many metropoliss to die. Although Mongols committed many horrific Acts of the Apostless which will ne'er be forgotten. it is besides of import to take in history the good things these â€Å"barbarians† did. The Mongols helped better the economic systems in countries. promote trade which allowed societies to farther develop and modernize. Mongols besides created many systems and roads which increased communications with other countries. and caused cultural diverseness. Many missionaries set out to change over others since it was easier to go. and they succeeded ; particularly in China. Therefore. the Mongols were barbarous liquidators and were feared by many because of the atrocious things they did. But it would non be valid to state they merely did bad things. because they impacted history in a positive manner excessively ; and these â€Å"barbarians† helped socie ties further develop. overhaul. turn in wealth. size. and make a political system for the hereafter which is still used today.